COVID-19 VACCINATION NEWS IN MALAYSIA

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VACCINE

Why vaccine, how vaccine work, herd immunity, the benefit

Vaccines contain antigens that stimulate the immune system and help the body develop immunity to specific infectious diseases. The COVID-19 vaccine activates the immune system so that our bodies can combat the COVID-19 infection if we are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Coronavirus vaccines have been produced using a number of platforms, including RNA genetic sequencing, viral vectors, deactivating viruses, and protein subunits. It offers the best protection against COVID-19. Herd immunity is defined as when most of a population is immune to an infectious disease therefore providing indirect protection. Herd immunity can be achieved when as many people possible inj the community are vaccinated. It is important to achieve herd immunity so that the community that is not eligible for vaccination can be protected. They consist of people who has severe allergic reaction to the vaccination.  COVID-19 vaccinations have resulted in positive results, such as a decrease in new COVID-19 cases in the countries that have implemented them. For example, a country that vaccinated 600,000 of its people announced that the vaccine's efficacy resulted in a 94 percent reduction in COVID-19 infections in the group.


What type of vaccine, how many vaccine, the dose

Types of vaccines

 

Primary content and how it reacts

 

mRNA

Viral vector

Inactivated virus

mRNA sequence which enters the individual cell to produce the specific virus protein

Contains modified (vector) virus to transport the antigen genetic code. The human cell will produce the targeted protein

Virus that have been killed using high heat, chemical or radiation

Function

Uses the mRNA molecule to stimulate the immunity in order to recognise the targeted virus protein

A safe viral vector is used to deliver the genetic material of the targeted virus and stimulating the human immune response

Virus that has been killed and used to stimulate the human immune response

 

Advantages

 


 

 

• Simple and quick to produce

• Does not require living component and

synthetically produced.

• Triggers an adaptive immune response

 

• Proven technology

• Triggers an adaptive reaction for a more effective immune response

 

• Proven technology

• Suitable for those who have a weak immune system

• Easy to produce

Challenges

 


 

 

 

 

• Some mRNA vaccines require extremely cold storage conditions

• Used as a vaccine for the first time in medical history

• Complex manufacturing process

• Important to ensure the virus vector is safe to be used

• High manufacturing cost

Example

None

Ebola, Vaccines for livestock

Polio, Japanese Encephalitis & Rabies

Vaccine candidate

• Moderna

• Pfizer/BioNTech

• AstraZeneca

• CanSino Biologics

• Johnson & Johnson

• Sputnik V

• Sinovac


The side effect

  • Tiredness
  • Pain, redness and swelling at the site of injection
  • Headache
  • Muscle and joint pain
  • Fever
  • Nausea
  • Chills
  • Swelling of lymphatic node

Planned vaccination in Malaysia

Malaysia has launch National COVID 19 Immunisation Programme on 18th of February 2021. The Special Committee for Ensuring Access To COVID-19 Vaccine Supply (JKJAV) which is co-chaired by the Minister of Health Malaysia and the Minister of Science, Technology and Innovation was established to ensure timely access to COVID-19 vaccines supply for the country.

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